Pozytywne interakcje ojciec – dziecko: rola dzieci, ojców i matek

Erin K. Holmes, Aletha C. Huston

Abstrakt


Kierując się systemowo-ekologicznym modelem zaangażowania ojcowskiego, ana­lizowano wkład dzieci, matek i ojców w obserwowane interakcje ojciec – dziecko. W badaniu, w którym uczestniczyło 586 ojców (pozostających w związku małżeń­skim z matką i mieszkających z rodziną), ich żony oraz dzieci – uczniowie pierwszej klasy szkoły podstawowej (uczestnicy badania dotyczącego opieki w okresie wczesne­go dzieciństwa, przeprowadzonego przez amerykański Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Dziecka i Rozwoju Człowieka – NICHD) wykazano, że addytywny model zaangażo­wania ojców wyjaśnia jakość interakcji ojciec – dziecko lepiej niż model skupiający się tylko na jednym elemencie systemu. Przekonania ojca na temat wychowania, kompe­tencje językowe dziecka, praca zawodowa matki oraz jakość interakcji matka – dziec­ko wspólnie oddziałują na jakość interakcji ojciec – dziecko. Średnie dochody i poziom wykształcenia ojca są powiązane z relacją ojciec – dziecko, ale efekty tych zmiennych wyjaśniają czynniki indywidualne i charakterystyka rodziny. W analizie moderacyjnej ujawniono istotną interakcję między przekonaniami ojca na temat wychowania a umiejętnościami społecznymi dziecka, wstępnie potwierdzając słuszność założenia systemowo-ekologicznego, że interakcję ojciec – dziecko można najlepiej wyjaśnić w ramach modelu, który jest nie tylko addytywny, ale także interakcyjny.

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