„Poniżająca przemoc” czy „wychowawczy klaps”? Dyskursy na temat stosowania kar fizycznych wobec dzieci i ich ustawowego zakazu w Polsce

Paweł Tomanek

Abstrakt


W artykule poddano analizie dyskursy przeciwników i obrońców kar fizycznych, a w szczególności publiczne wypowiedzi aktorów społecznych zaangażowanych w debatę na temat ich prawnego zakazu wpisanego do nowelizacji ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu przemocy w rodzinie z 2010 r. Przyjmując za punkt wyjścia model analizy retorycznej zaproponowany przez Ibarrę i Kitsuse oraz metodę analizy klasyfikacji społecznych Zerubavela, porównano oba dyskursy pod względem użytych zabiegów retorycznych i interpretacyjnych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono temu,
w jaki sposób obrońcy kar fizycznych kwestionują główne twierdzenia ich przeciwników dotyczące definicji problemu, jego zasięgu, przyczyn, konsekwencji i postulowanych rozwiązań. Analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że badane dyskursy są w dużej mierze „asymetryczne” – przeciwnicy kar fizycznych skupiają się na jednostkowych procesach psychicznych zachodzących u karanych fizycznie dzieci i karzących je rodziców, podczas gdy ich obrońcy poświęcają więcej uwagi relacjom między rodziną a instytucjami państwa, twierdząc, że zakaz kar fizycznych daje państwu zbyt duże możliwości ingerowania w naturalne procesy rodzinne.

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