Rola negatywnych doświadczeń w dzieciństwie jako uwarunkowań samookaleczeń bez intencji samobójczych wśród dzieci i młodzieży

Philip Baiden, Shannon L. Stewart, Barbara Fallon

Abstrakt


Celem badania było określenie rozpowszechnienia oraz wpływu negatywnych doświadczeń w dzieciństwie na występowanie samookaleczeń bez intencji samobójczych (non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI) u dzieci i młodzieży, w kontekście środowiskowej oraz szpitalnej opieki zdrowia psychicznego. Dane do badania uzyskano ze zbioru interRAI – Zdrowie Psychiczne Dzieci i Młodzieży (Child and Youth Mental Health). Zbadano łącznie 2038 dzieci i nastolatków w wieku 8–18 lat (M = 12,49, SD = 2,88, 61,1% badanych było płci męskiej). Przeprowadzono dwuczynnikową regresję logistyczną w celu identyfikacji predyktorów NSSI jako funkcji negatywnych doświadczeń z dzieciństwa, depresji i wsparcia społecznego, przy jednoczesnym kontrolowaniu wieku, płci, typu pacjenta, opieki prawnej, stanu cywilnego rodziców/opiekunów, historii umieszczenia w rodzinie zastępczej i diagnozy zdrowia psychicznego. Spośród 2038 badanych dzieci i nastolatków u 592 (29%) występowały NSSI. W wieloczynnikowym modelu regresji logistycznej wykazano, że szanse wystąpienia NSSI u dzieci i nastolatków, które doświadczyły przemocy fizycznej, były o 49% większe, a u dzieci i nastolatków, które zostały wykorzystane seksualnie, o 60% większe, w porównaniu z osobami, które nie doświadczyły przemocy. Inne predyktory NSSI to: starszy wiek, płeć żeńska, hospitalizacja, depresja, zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi, destrukcyjne zaburzenia zachowania i zaburzenia nastroju. U dzieci i nastolatków, które otrzymały jakąś formę wsparcia społecznego, szanse wystąpienia NSSI malały o 26%. Procedury oceny wskaźników zdrowia psychicznego, zwłaszcza u dzieci i nastolatków z historią negatywnych doświadczeń w dzieciństwie, powinny zatem uwzględniać NSSI. Wzmocnienie sieci wsparcia społecznego oraz zwrócenie uwagi na depresję i powiązane z nią umiejętności regulacji emocji w dzieciństwie mogą pomóc zapobiegać NSSI wśród dzieci i młodzieży.


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